Personal Finance Essay Example for Free

Personal Finance Essay Personal finance refers to the principal that is applied to the monetary decisions of an individual or a family unit. It addresses issues such as the ways in which the individuals or families obtain finance, budget, save and spend the monetary resources of a company over a given period of time while at the same time taking in account the financial risks and the future life events that are related to the businesses activities. The profits or loss of a company are derived by determining the incomes of a company and the expenses that are incurred by a company. If the incomes are more than the expenses the company generates profit for the company. If the expenses of the company are more than the incomes then the company incurs losses in the financial period of a company. Assumptions The income of Donna Terrell is estimated to be $3333 per month since it is assumed that he earns a salary that is equally distributed throughout the year. The expenses of Donna Terrell are also assumed to be evenly distributed throughout the year except in the months where Donna Terrell specified that the expenses were incurred in those months. After Sherman acquisition of his new job on June 2003 and his decision to assist Donna Terrell was a positive move since after the month of June the Donna’s business started to earn profits since in the previous months the business was incurring losses, but after June 2003 the company started to generate profits for the company, thus was in a position to run it affairs effectively (http://64. 233. 169. 104/search? q=cache:DmCJZy7zP6kJ) It is also assumed that Sherman would earn a salary that would be $1500 per the month that followed the month of June up to December 2003. In the first quarter of the year Donna business had been incurring losses from January to May 2008 since the amount of losses have been increasing rapidly since the expenses of the business were more than the incomes of the business. After Mr. Sherman decision to assist Mr. Donna in giving him financial assistance the business started to improve in its performance. The business incomes was greater than the expenses as from July to December of the Year 2003 and this contributed to the increased profits of the business as it continued with its operation until December 2003. As at December 2003 the Company had profits that were over $13000. The management of companies can run their activities if they ask for financial assistances from friends and also financial institutions since after the Mr. Sherman decision to assist Mr. Donna the performance of the company started to improve. The instances where the management of companies runs other business activities that generate revenue to a company this can contribute to the profitability of the company since the additional income increases the companies working capital that enables the company to generate as much revenue to the company hence its increased returns and finally this leads to the growth of the company. The management of companies should also plan their finances properly so as to avoid budget deficits as this can affect the performance of the company and also its reputation as this can result to reduce sales volume for a company hence in some cases due to the poor management of the companies finances the company go into liquidation that can lead to the closure of the company.

Aspects Of City Life - Crime. :: essays research papers

Aspects of City Life - Crime.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Different angles can be taken with regards to crime in the city, and further to this, the main topic can be broken down into smaller areas. I have conducted two types of research; Primary - Interviews etc. Secondary - Named Sources.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The question of crime and how it affects a city is perhaps best put to those people that have either lived in a city all their lives (thus knowing what the crime is like in the area), or to those that have moved to a city from a town or village (therefore being able to make a comparison between the types of crime and their severity in the two habitats).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A city, apart from having a great deal more shops, civic and recreational amenities, and night life will also have many more people - people that need somewhere to live, meaning vast expanses of housing estates and other residential areas. In Sunderland's case all of the above are true, and, as with many other cities across the country it has a very large student population. There are two centres of higher education in Sunderland - the university, and the college, both with large subscriptions. Although both have been established for a while now, it was only fairly recently that the old Polytechnic achieved university status. This has not only increased the size of the university in terms of property but also the number of students attending it. This therefore means that the overall size of Sunderland has increased, including the numbers of shops, clubs, recreational activities and also houses.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A great deal of people in Sunderland believe that their local pubs and clubs have been 'taken over' by students and at first there was a great deal of apprehension and tension between locals and students, often resulting in violent conflict. This still exists but to a much smaller extent. However, something that can be connected with this is the mugging and burglary that happens to a small minority of students. Obviously crime occurs everywhere, no matter where you live, but students are seen as easy targets due to their vulnerability, as well as the fact that they have money and valuable possessions. The severity of some of the attacks has been such that victims have needed extensive hospital treatment due to the injuries they have sustained. Security measures at certain halls of residence have been questioned after several attacks occurred in usually safe surroundings.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The most startling aspect of violent crime in this area is that it still occurs, despite increased policing and advice to students regarding how to

Adlerian Theory-Birth Order, Gender, Family Values

Adlerian’s Family Constellation Focusing on Birth Order, Gender, and Family Values Brittany Teal Bellevue University Applied Counseling Theories March 27, 2012 Abstract Diving into Adlerian’s Theory and focus on family, there are three main components to take into consideration to define how children might be defined as adults. The three factors include: birth order, gender, and family values. Birth order can make a difference in defining adult personality and behaviors. Gender can play a role with its views of society and the acceptance of the up kept expectations.Family values play a role simply because it defines who the family is and makes the future generations structured and stable. Adlerian’s Family Constellation Focusing on Birth Order, Gender, and Family Values Focusing on how one’s life may be affected behaviorally and psychologically can be based off of the factors that are out of an individual’s control. When stating this sentence, it ma y seem confusing to know that an individual had the possibility of being â€Å"judged† or â€Å"defined† on the day they were born.With this being said, the uncontrollable, but life-shaping factors include birth order, gender, and family values. Although it is important to note that these factors will not always determine the life outcome of an individual, they will, however, create a formation of life for an individual to follow. Bringing attention to birth order first, knowing how the first born, middle, and last born child can be affected immediately can possibly define a lot about how the individual’s future could turn out. The first born child can often be described as the busy, attention receiver (Shulman & Mosak 1977).On the flip side, the first born often is held to the highest expectations to uphold in the future due to the self control and respectful domineer they portray. The reason for this can be based off of the parent’s abilities to revolve their lives around engaging their child in multiple activities and organizations. This can have a lasting result on the child into adulthood in the case where they are attention seeking due to the loss of receiving it for the time they did when they were young (Carlson & Sperry 2006).Next the focus moves to the middle child. The middle child seems to be the one getting loss in the mix and often found in a competition for attention (Shulman & Mosak 1977). In most cases, the middle child is one who does not get to participate in as many activities as the first born, but still gets involvement in major activities and functions (Shulman & Mosak 1977). The middle child can also sometimes be known as the â€Å"diplomat. † They are this simply because they get caught up in the middle between the oldest and youngest sibling.Often times it becomes natural responsibility for the middle child to be the mediator between siblings (Shulman & Mosak 1977). Finally we move onto the last born child, the â€Å"baby. † The last born child can be defined as â€Å"ambitious. † An explanation to support this statement is that the youngest sibling is often times surrounded by mature adults who seem to give much attention (Shulman & Mosak 1977). They also have this lifestyle due to being dependent on the older influences in their lives.When this type of behavior is allowed at a young age, the child grows into adulthood with knowing no different. On the plus side of this, the ambition the youngest child displays can often times result in success and a bright future for the youngest born (Carlson & Sperry 2006). All in all, there can sometimes be more children in the mix, but results stay similar to the main three orders listed. Next the focus turns to gender effects on individuals as they enter adulthood from the Adlerian views’.When a child is born, he or she is automatically placed into the acceptable gender roles of society. When this occurs and as the c hild ages, he or she will decided whether or not they want to accept, reject, or adapt to the role expectations that they are given (Lindsey & Christie 1997). This becomes very challenging to exactly define how an individual will be affected into adulthood due to the outside factors and influences that can take a toll on one’s life. Gender roles are something usually defined in childhood and carried into adulthood, ut as society changes and roles become more adverse, it is difficult to say how set and stone these roles will be (Carlson & Sperry 2006). Overall, it is obvious one picks up gender roles on the day they are born, but it is up to the individual themselves to decide whether or not they want to maintain those roles throughout their lifestyle. Finally family values come into the picture when defining an individual as an adult. Family values are not only just standards up kept by family, but more or less what create a baseboard for the function of a family.There are mu ltiple components that get taken into consideration when focusing just on family values and they are the beliefs, morals, and convictions that both the mother and father have implied to their family lifestyle (Juel 1993). With these factors being apparent at birth and throughout childhood, the individuals have choices as to whether or not they want to agree, disagree, or adopt their own family values. In most cases, children carry these values through adulthood which results in the family lifestyle getting pasted from generation to generation.To sum it all up, it takes cooperation and trust for a family to clearly define and keep family values a tradition throughout a lifetime. References Carlson, J. , & Sperry, L. (2006). Adlerian therapy. Relationship Dysfunction: A Practitioner's Guide to Comparative Treatments, 102. Juel, E. J. (1993). Non-Traditional Family Values: Providing Quasi-Marital Rights to Same-Sex Couples. BC Third World LJ, 13, 317. Lindsey, L. L. , ; Christie, S. (1 997). Gender roles. Prentice Hall. Shulman, B. H. , ; Mosak, H. H. (1977). Birth order and ordinal position: Two Adlerian views. Journal of Individual Psychology, 33(1), 114-121. Adlerian Theory-Birth Order, Gender, Family Values Adlerian’s Family Constellation Focusing on Birth Order, Gender, and Family Values Brittany Teal Bellevue University Applied Counseling Theories March 27, 2012 Abstract Diving into Adlerian’s Theory and focus on family, there are three main components to take into consideration to define how children might be defined as adults. The three factors include: birth order, gender, and family values. Birth order can make a difference in defining adult personality and behaviors. Gender can play a role with its views of society and the acceptance of the up kept expectations.Family values play a role simply because it defines who the family is and makes the future generations structured and stable. Adlerian’s Family Constellation Focusing on Birth Order, Gender, and Family Values Focusing on how one’s life may be affected behaviorally and psychologically can be based off of the factors that are out of an individual’s control. When stating this sentence, it ma y seem confusing to know that an individual had the possibility of being â€Å"judged† or â€Å"defined† on the day they were born.With this being said, the uncontrollable, but life-shaping factors include birth order, gender, and family values. Although it is important to note that these factors will not always determine the life outcome of an individual, they will, however, create a formation of life for an individual to follow. Bringing attention to birth order first, knowing how the first born, middle, and last born child can be affected immediately can possibly define a lot about how the individual’s future could turn out. The first born child can often be described as the busy, attention receiver (Shulman & Mosak 1977).On the flip side, the first born often is held to the highest expectations to uphold in the future due to the self control and respectful domineer they portray. The reason for this can be based off of the parent’s abilities to revolve their lives around engaging their child in multiple activities and organizations. This can have a lasting result on the child into adulthood in the case where they are attention seeking due to the loss of receiving it for the time they did when they were young (Carlson & Sperry 2006).Next the focus moves to the middle child. The middle child seems to be the one getting loss in the mix and often found in a competition for attention (Shulman & Mosak 1977). In most cases, the middle child is one who does not get to participate in as many activities as the first born, but still gets involvement in major activities and functions (Shulman & Mosak 1977). The middle child can also sometimes be known as the â€Å"diplomat. † They are this simply because they get caught up in the middle between the oldest and youngest sibling.Often times it becomes natural responsibility for the middle child to be the mediator between siblings (Shulman & Mosak 1977). Finally we move onto the last born child, the â€Å"baby. † The last born child can be defined as â€Å"ambitious. † An explanation to support this statement is that the youngest sibling is often times surrounded by mature adults who seem to give much attention (Shulman & Mosak 1977). They also have this lifestyle due to being dependent on the older influences in their lives.When this type of behavior is allowed at a young age, the child grows into adulthood with knowing no different. On the plus side of this, the ambition the youngest child displays can often times result in success and a bright future for the youngest born (Carlson & Sperry 2006). All in all, there can sometimes be more children in the mix, but results stay similar to the main three orders listed. Next the focus turns to gender effects on individuals as they enter adulthood from the Adlerian views’.When a child is born, he or she is automatically placed into the acceptable gender roles of society. When this occurs and as the c hild ages, he or she will decided whether or not they want to accept, reject, or adapt to the role expectations that they are given (Lindsey & Christie 1997). This becomes very challenging to exactly define how an individual will be affected into adulthood due to the outside factors and influences that can take a toll on one’s life. Gender roles are something usually defined in childhood and carried into adulthood, ut as society changes and roles become more adverse, it is difficult to say how set and stone these roles will be (Carlson & Sperry 2006). Overall, it is obvious one picks up gender roles on the day they are born, but it is up to the individual themselves to decide whether or not they want to maintain those roles throughout their lifestyle. Finally family values come into the picture when defining an individual as an adult. Family values are not only just standards up kept by family, but more or less what create a baseboard for the function of a family.There are mu ltiple components that get taken into consideration when focusing just on family values and they are the beliefs, morals, and convictions that both the mother and father have implied to their family lifestyle (Juel 1993). With these factors being apparent at birth and throughout childhood, the individuals have choices as to whether or not they want to agree, disagree, or adopt their own family values. In most cases, children carry these values through adulthood which results in the family lifestyle getting pasted from generation to generation.To sum it all up, it takes cooperation and trust for a family to clearly define and keep family values a tradition throughout a lifetime. References Carlson, J. , & Sperry, L. (2006). Adlerian therapy. Relationship Dysfunction: A Practitioner's Guide to Comparative Treatments, 102. Juel, E. J. (1993). Non-Traditional Family Values: Providing Quasi-Marital Rights to Same-Sex Couples. BC Third World LJ, 13, 317. Lindsey, L. L. , ; Christie, S. (1 997). Gender roles. Prentice Hall. Shulman, B. H. , ; Mosak, H. H. (1977). Birth order and ordinal position: Two Adlerian views. Journal of Individual Psychology, 33(1), 114-121.

Crime and Deviance - 1123 Words

Evaluate Marxist explanations of Crime and Deviance Labelling theory paved the way in understanding how deviance was something defined by social processes. In this way social agencies such as the police defined what was deviant. Marxists took this view even further by examining the power of certain social groups to define deviance and create the laws which secured social conformity. Marxists see crime and deviance as not coming from moral or biological defects but defects within social order. Crime is an inevitable part of capitalism as it stems from social inequalities. Working-class crime is caused by labour exploitation and material misery. Therefore theft is an expression of that exploitation and is a political act of the proletariat†¦show more content†¦Marxists believe that the law is selective. Tax evasion is rarely prosecuted but social security fraud always is and the people who tend to commit social security fraud are those within the working class. Croal defined white collar crime as crime committed in the course of legitimate employment an abuse of one’s occupational role. White collar crime is not seen as a problem because its not feared by the general public, offenses are often invisible, indifferent effects , morally ambiguous, difficult to see where the blame lies and complex not fully understood. Marxist theories have been accused of being over reliant on class division to explain offending behaviour. A good example of this is when crime is done for the improvement of society e.g. Martin Luther King although there were clear differences in class between black people in America even the wealthiest of black people were not permitted to buy housing worth a certain price so despite their wealth they were restricted to certain luxuries that were not equivalent to their white counterparts. Marxist theories do not explain why most people in most classes do not offend. For example the hidden figure of crime is not explored as much as it could be displaying that the middle class and ruling class do commit crime but this is often not reported within the crime statistics as the crimes in the statistics are things such as anti social behaviour which is often on many occasions associated with the workingShow MoreRelatedCrime, Deviance, And Deviance899 Words   |  4 Pagesa people so drawn to crime and deviance in the news? What is it about human nature that has a secret sense of interest or even some excitement when we turn on the television and see something major going on like a high speed chase or the like? Interestingly, the closer it happens to be to where we are, the more interested we become as opposed to something happening out of state, or further off in another country. The point here is not to defend or glamorize crime and deviance, but to point out thatRead Mo reCrime, Deviance, And Deviance3445 Words   |  14 PagesCrime and Deviance This report will begin by making a distinction between the concepts of crime and deviance, accompanied by the concept that crime is a social construct. Then this report will evaluate some theoretical approaches to how and why crime exists. Further reference will be made to the existing crime statistics, and the validity and reliability of the official statistics that measure crime. Finally, this report will look into the presentation of crime in two areas of the mass media. AtRead MoreDeviance And Crime And Deviance1623 Words   |  7 PagesDEVIANCE AND CRIME Deviance occurs when an individual commits something that disregards or breaks a social norm or folkway; deviant behaviors are considered criminal when it breaks more serious mores. These mores or laws, unlike norms or folkways, have more formal punishments and sanctions, such as fines or imprisonment. The purpose of these punishments or sanctions, according to Diana Kendalt (2017) in Sociology in Our Times, is to give retribution, make a general deterrence, incapacitation, orRead MoreCrime and Deviance810 Words   |  4 PagesDa’Vaughn Hawkins Introduction of Sociology 29 October 2015 Written Assignment #3 Crime and Deviance With the rise of crime rates in the last couple of years, people are wondering if locking up the criminal and throwing away the key would be effective for social control. What these people fail to see is that by just throwing away the key, you aren’t actually helping that person to strive for and become anything better. The thing that would be more effective than throwing away the key isRead MoreCrime And Deviance1550 Words   |  7 PagesIn studying crimes and deviance, sociologists look to explain what types of behavior are defined as deviant as opposed to criminal, who defines deviant behaviors, why people become deviant, and how society deals with deviant behavior. Deviance is defined by sociologists are behavior that significantly goes against expected rules and norms. Criminal behavior is behavior that violates the law. Sociology studies groups as opposed to individuals, so when studying crime and deviance, sociologists areRead MoreDeviance And Crime1611 Words   |   7 Pagessociology book is about deviance, crime, and social control. This chapter was very interesting to me because it shows you how much violence is in our world that you do not really think about or hear about because it is overlooked. Everyone focuses on the big crimes, such as school shootings or terrorists acts, and overlook the victimless crimes and smaller things. This chapter also taught me a lot about deviance and made me form an opinion on whether it is a good or bad thing. Deviance is â€Å"a violationRead MoreCrime and Deviance1885 Words   |  8 Pagesfor the high proportion of young, working class males shown in official statistics on crime.† This essay will start by making a distinction between the concepts of crime and deviance, followed by an examination how such concepts have been acquired and accepted by society. Further reference will be made to the current crime statistics, and analyse some of the possible explanations for the high proportion of crime that is being committed by young males. Finally, consideration will be given to whatRead MoreCrime and Deviance2170 Words   |  9 Pagescauses crime and deviance in society, biological or social factors? Definitions of crime and deviance would change according to time, place, situation and culture, as what is acceptable in one would be unacceptable in another. Crime would entail the breaking of the law according to time and place, deviance would be an action that is unacceptable to the majority within the time and place, but both can alter during time, place, culture and social norms including religion. One example of crime wouldRead MoreCrime and Deviance4103 Words   |  17 Pagesfunctions and causes of crime and deviance within contemporary British society, yet it fails to account for white collar crime. Evaluate this statement. Every society is guided by laws and regulations, therefore, breaking of the law is known as crime or deviance. Crime and deviance will be defined with examples and how what is crime and deviance depend on culture and society will be analysed. Thus, a criminal act in one place is a norm in another place. Crime and Deviance changes as the society evolveRead MoreCrime and Deviance3081 Words   |  13 PagesCrime and Deviance from a Sociological and Psychological assessment: The sociology of deviance is the sociological study of deviant behavior, or the recognized violation of cultural norms. Cultural Norms are societys propensity towards certain ideals; their aversion from others; and their standard, ritualistic practices. Essentially the norm is a summation of typical activities and beliefs of group of people. There are various Sociological deviance theories, including Structuralist: why

Presidential Pardons Legal Guidelines

A presidential pardon is a right granted to the President of the United States by the U.S. Constitution to forgive a person for a crime, or to excuse a person convicted of a crime from punishment. The president’s power to pardon is granted by Article II, Section 2, Clause 1 of the Constitution, which provides:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The President †¦ shall have Power to grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offenses against the United States, except in Cases of Impeachment.† Key Takeaways Article II, Section 2, Clause 1 of the Constitution grants the President of the United States the power to pardon any person convicted for or accused of federal crimes, except in cases of impeachment. The president may not pardon persons convicted for or accused of violating state or local laws.   Ã‚  Through the power of â€Å"commutation of sentence,† the president may reduce or completely eliminate the prison sentences being served by persons convicted of federal crimes.While he or she is not required to follow them, recommendations on all applications for presidential pardons must be prepared and submitted to the president by the U.S. Pardon Attorney of the Department of Justice.   Clearly, this power can result in some controversial applications. For example, in 1972 Congress accused President Richard Nixon of obstruction of justice—a federal felony—as part of his role in the infamous Watergate scandal. On September 8, 1974, President Gerald Ford, who had assumed office following Nixon’s resignation, pardoned Nixon for any crimes he may have committed related to Watergate. The number of pardons issued by the presidents has varied widely. Between 1789 and 1797, President George Washington issued 16 pardons. In his three terms—12 years—in office, President Franklin D. Roosevelt issued the most pardons of any president so far—3,687 pardons. Presidents William H. Harrison and James Garfield, both of whom died shortly after taking office, did not grant any pardons. Under the Constitution, the president may pardon only persons convicted or accused of federal crimes and offenses prosecuted by the United States Attorney for the District of Columbia in the name of the United States in the D.C. Superior Court. Crimes that violate state or local laws are not considered crimes against the United States and thus cannot be considered for presidential clemency. Pardons for state-level crimes are typically granted by the state’s governor or a state board of pardon and parole. Can Presidents Pardon Their Relatives? The Constitution places few restrictions on who presidents can pardon, including their relatives or spouses. Historically, the courts have interpreted the Constitution as giving the president virtually unlimited power to issue pardons to individuals or groups. However, presidents can only grant pardons for violations of federal laws. In addition, a presidential pardon only provides immunity from federal prosecution. It does provide protection from civil lawsuits. Clemency: Pardon or Commutation of Sentence â€Å"Clemency† is the general term used to describe the president’s power to grant leniency to persons who have violated federal laws. A â€Å"commutation of sentence† partially or completely reduces a sentence being served. It does not, however, overturn the conviction, imply innocence, or remove any civil liabilities that might be imposed by the circumstances of the conviction. A commutation may apply to prison time or to payments fines or restitution. A commutation does not alter a person’s immigration or citizenship status and does not prevent their deportation or removal from the United States. Likewise, it does not protect a person from extradition requested by other countries. A â€Å"pardon† is a presidential act of forgiving a person for a federal crime and is typically granted only after the convicted person has accepted responsibility for the crime and has demonstrated good conduct for a significant period of time after their conviction or completion of their sentence. Like a commutation, a pardon does not imply innocence. A pardon may also include forgiveness of fines and restitution imposed as part of the conviction. Unlike a commutation, however, a pardon does remove any potential civil responsibility. In some, but not all cases, a pardon eliminates the legal grounds for deportation. Under the Rules Governing Petitions for Executive Clemency, shown below, a person is not allowed to apply for a presidential pardon until at least five years after they have fully served any prison term imposed as part of their sentence. The President and the US Pardons Attorney​ While the Constitution places no limitations on the presidents power to grant or deny pardons, U.S. Pardon Attorney of the Department of Justice prepares a recommendation for the president on each application for presidential clemency, including pardons, commutations of sentences, remissions of fines, and reprieves. The Pardon Attorney is required to review each application according to the following guidelines (although the president is not obliged to follow, or even consider the recommendations of the Pardon Attorney). Rules Governing Petitions for Executive Clemency The rules governing petitions for presidential clemency are contained in Title 28, Chapter 1, Part 1 of the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations as follows: Sec. 1.1 Submission of petition; form to be used; contents of petition. A person seeking executive clemency by pardon, reprieve, commutation of sentence, or remission of fine shall execute a formal petition. The petition shall be addressed to the President of the United States and shall be submitted to the Pardon Attorney, Department of Justice, Washington, DC 20530, except for petitions relating to military offenses. Petitions and other required forms may be obtained from the Pardon Attorney. Petition forms for commutation of sentence also may be obtained from the wardens of federal penal institutions. A petitioner applying for executive clemency with respect to military offenses should submit his or her petition directly to the Secretary of the military department that had original jurisdiction over the court-martial trial and conviction of the petitioner. In such a case, a form furnished by the Pardon Attorney may be used but should be modified to meet the needs of the particular case. Each petition for executive clemency should include the informatio n required in the form prescribed by the Attorney General. Sec. 1.2 Eligibility for filing petition for pardon. No petition for pardon should be filed until the expiration of a waiting period of at least five years after the date of the release of the petitioner from confinement or, in case no prison sentence was imposed, until the expiration of a period of at least five years after the date of the conviction of the petitioner. Generally, no petition should be submitted by a person who is on probation, parole, or supervised release. Sec. 1.3 Eligibility for filing petition for commutation of sentence. No petition for commutation of sentence, including remission of fine, should be filed if other forms of judicial or administrative relief are available, except upon a showing of exceptional circumstances. Sec. 1.4 Offenses against the laws of possessions or territories of the United States. Petitions for executive clemency shall relate only to violations of laws of the United States. Petitions relating to violations of laws of the possessions of the United States or territories subject to the jurisdiction of the United [[Page 97]] States should be submitted to the appropriate official or agency of the possession or territory concerned. Sec. 1.5 Disclosure of files. Petitions, reports, memoranda, and communications submitted or furnished in connection with the consideration of a petition for executive clemency generally shall be available only to the officials concerned with the consideration of the petition. However, they may be made available for inspection, in whole or in part, when in the judgment of the Attorney General their disclosure is required by law or the ends of justice. Sec. 1.6 Consideration of petitions; recommendations to the President. (a) Upon receipt of a petition for executive clemency, the Attorney General shall cause such investigation to be made of the matter as he/ she may deem necessary and appropriate, using the services of, or obtaining reports from, appropriate officials and agencies of the Government, including the Federal Bureau of Investigation. (b) The Attorney General shall review each petition and all pertinent information developed by the investigation and shall determine whether the request for clemency is of sufficient merit to warrant favorable action by the President. The Attorney General shall report in writing his or her recommendation to the President, stating whether in his or her judgment the President should grant or deny the petition. Sec. 1.7 Notification of grant of clemency. When a petition for pardon is granted, the petitioner or his or her attorney shall be notified of such action and the warrant of pardon shall be mailed to the petitioner. When commutation of sentence is granted, the petitioner shall be notified of such action and the warrant of commutation shall be sent to the petitioner through the officer in charge of his or her place of confinement, or directly to the petitioner if he/she is on parole, probation, or supervised release. Sec. 1.8 Notification of denial of clemency. (a) Whenever the President notifies the Attorney General that he has denied a request for clemency, the Attorney General shall so advise the petitioner and close the case. (b) Except in cases in which a sentence of death has been imposed, whenever the Attorney General recommends that the President deny a request for clemency and the President does not disapprove or take other action with respect to that adverse recommendation within 30 days after the date of its submission to him, it shall be presumed that the President concurs in that adverse recommendation of the Attorney General, and the Attorney General shall so advise the petitioner and close the case. Sec. 1.9 Delegation of authority. The Attorney General may delegate to any officer of the Department of Justice any of his or her duties or responsibilities under Secs. 1.1 through 1.8. Sec. 1.10 Advisory nature of regulations. The regulations contained in this part are advisory only and for the internal guidance of Department of Justice personnel. They create no enforceable rights in persons applying for executive clemency, nor do they restrict the authority granted to the President under Article II, section 2 of the Constitution.

Evaluating the Effectiveness and Efficiency of Structured...

Agarwal and Tanniru conducted a field experiment to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of structured versus unstructured interviews, using both novice and experienced interviewers. The experiment was conducted to compare the efficiency and effectiveness of the cognitive interview with the standard information requirements interview. However, the experimental results did not indicate that structured interviews enhanced recall. This triggered the experiment using the Cognitive Interview. This experiment is to test the effects that the Cognitive Interview has on memory and recall. Two hypotheses are tested in this experiment. The use of a theoretically grounded interview technique will provide a more efficient collection of†¦show more content†¦By random, a reference librarian was interviewed using either technique by an interviewer trained in both. The dependent variables: (1) the number of events elicited per each interview (efficiency), and (2) the degree of completeness of details recalled per event (effectiveness) were examined. Cognitive interview was found to be both more effective and more efficient than standard interviewing techniques in eliciting episodic knowledge from reference librarians. In order for the cognitive interview to be considered an effective interviewing technique, more than one rater must determine that the degree of completeness of details of the events collected under the CI are higher than those collected under the SI. All interviews were conducted in private rooms individually. The interviews were conducted at the institute of each patron. Ten students enrolled in a senior-level expert system class who received training on the SI and the CI during regularly scheduled class time. No one involved knew of the details of the experiment or the types of techniques being tested. Interviewers received course credit and monetary compensation for their participation. The interview has long been part of the systems professional’s repertoire of elicitation tools, used extensively in both requirements analysis and knowledge acquisition. It is said that there are some drawbacks associated with the use of interviews. Open interviews are seen asShow MoreRelatedThesis on Recruitment and Selection Process15525 Words   |  63 PagesStudent of Superior University Impact of Recruitment Sources, Interview and Recruiters on Recruitment and Selection Process A dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Management Sciences Department, Superior Group of Colleges College, University Campus, Lahore. 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Good Command for English Free Essays

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